Factores condicionantes en el desarrollo de episodios depresivos en universitarios: Una perspectiva desde Dorothea Orem / Conditioning factors in the development of depressive episodes in University: A perspective from Dorothea Orem

Determinar los factores condicionantes en el desarrollo de episodios depresivos en universitarios, a partir de los elementos básicos considerados en la Teoría General del Déficit de Autocuidado de Dorothea Oremmetodología: Estudio cuantitativo, prospectivo, descriptivo, correlacional-causal y de corte transversal. Muestra de 819 alumnos de los diversos semestres y carreras (Licenciatura en Enfermería, Licenciatura en Administración, Contador Público, Ingeniero Civil y Licenciatura en Mercadotecnia). Se utilizó un instrumento creado exprofeso para medir los diversos factores, con un alfa de Crombach de 0.92. El procesamiento estadístico se realizó a través del programa SPSS versión 17, utilizándose análisis descriptivo y regresión lineal logística

Plan cuidado enfermero estandarizado paciente con cáncer de mama / Nursing Care Process standardized for patient with Breast Cancer

Resumen

Se elaboró un Plan de Cuidado Enfermero Estandarizado (PLACE) para la atención de pacientes con cáncer de mama (CaMa) con sesiones de quimioterapia. La importancia de desarrollar el PLACE es fortalecer las intervenciones del personal de enfermería en uno de los tratamientos esenciales en la lucha contra el CaMa, una de las principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial, pues se estima que una de cada 13 mujeres padece esta enfermedad y que anualmente mueren 372 mil mujeres; en México es la segunda causa de muerte entre mujeres de 30 a 54 años de edad. El PLACE se estructura a partir de la teoría de Dorotea Orem y de acuerdo con la Taxonomía de la Asociación Norteamericana de Diagnósticos de Enfermería (NANDA), Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC) y Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería (NOC). El objetivo del presente artículo es reflejar la aplicabilidad y construcción del PLACE estandarizado teniendo como única base el conocimiento teórico de la atención que se debe brindar a una paciente con cáncer de mama y mediante ésta metodología se pueda cumplir con los nuevos lineamientos establecidos por la Secretaria de Salud.

Abstract

A Nursing Care Plan (Abbreviated ¡n Spanish as PLACE) was developed, standardized to the care of patients with Breast Cancer (BC) (Abbreviated in Spanish as CaMa) undergoing chemotherapy sessions. The importance of developing PLACE is to strengthen the nursing staff interventions in one of the essential treatments in the fight against BC, a major cause of mortality worldwide. It is estimated that one out of 13 women is suffering from this disease and 372 000 women die annually by this cause; in México BC is the second leading cause of death among women from 30 to 54 years of age. This PLACE is structured from the theory of Dorothea Orem and according to the taxonomy of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). The aim of this paper is to reflect the applicability and construction of standardized PLACE having as only basis the theoretical knowledge of care that should be provided to a patient with breast cancer; through this methodology, new guidelines established by the Secretary of Health may be achieved.

Entamoeba histolytica: biochemical and molecular insights into the activities within microsomal fractions.

One of the most fascinating aspects of the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite ultrastructure is the lack of a typical secretory pathway, particularly of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi system, in a cell with such a high secretory activity. Here, we describe the isolation of amoeba cell structures containing ER-typical activities. Following isopycnic centrifugation of plasma membrane-free extracts, microsomes enriched in enzymatic activities such as dolichol-P-mannose synthase (DPMS; EC 2.4.1.83), UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase (NAGPT; EC 2.7.8.15), and UDP-D-GlcNAc:dolichol-PP GlcNAc (NAGT; EC 2.4.1.141) were resolved from phagolysosomal fractions. Sec61alpha-subunit, an ER-marker involved in the translocation of nascent proteins to the ER, was found to co-fractionate with DPMS activity indicating that they are contained in microsomes with a similar density. Further, we optimized conditions for trophozoite homogenization and differential centrifugation that resulted in the separation of a 57,000 g-sedimenting microsomal fraction containing EhSec61alpha-subunit, EhDPMS, and EhPDI (protein disulfide isomerase, a soluble marker of the lumen of the ER). A relevant observation was the lack of ER markers associated to the nuclear fraction. Large macromolecular structures such as Ehproteasome were sedimented at a higher speed. Our knowledge of the molecular machinery involved in the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide was enriched with the identification of putative genes related to the stepwise assembly of the dolichol-PP-GlcNAc(2)Man(5) core. No evidence of genes supporting further assembly steps was obtained at this time.